第7週講義-PHP常用函數

數學函數
abs() 求絕對值
<?php
 $abs = abs(-4.2); // double/float
 $abs2 = abs(5); // integer
 $abs3 = abs(-5); // integer
?>

ceil() 天花板 (進一法取整數)
<?php
echo ceil(4.3); // 5
echo ceil(9.999); // 10
echo ceil(-3.14); // -3
?>

floor() 地板 (捨去法取整數)
<?php
echo floor(4.3); // 4
echo floor(9.999); // 9
echo floor(-3.14); // -4
?>

round() 浮點數四捨五入
<?php
echo round(3.4); // 3
echo round(3.5); // 4
echo round(3.6); // 4
echo round(3.6, 0); // 4
echo round(1.95583, 2); // 1.96
echo round(1241757, -3); // 1242000
echo round(5.045, 2); // 5.05
echo round(5.055, 2); // 5.06
?>

max() 求值大值
<?php
echo max(1, 3, 5, 6, 7); // 7
echo max(array(2, 4, 5)); // 5
?>

min() 求最小值
<?php
echo min(2, 3, 1, 6, 7); // 1
echo min(array(2, 4, 5)); // 2
?>

字符串函數
trim() 刪除字符串兩端的空格或其他預定義字符
rtrim() 刪除字符串右邊的空格或其他預定義字符
ltrim() 刪除字符串左邊的空格或其他預定義字符
<?php
$a=" abc ";
echo "\$a長度=" . strlen($a) . " ";
$a=" abc ";
$a=trim($a);
echo "\$a長度=" . strlen($a) . " ";
$a=" abc ";
$a=ltrim($a);
echo "\$a長度=" . strlen($a) . " ";
$a=" abc ";
$a=rtrim($a);
echo "\$a長度=" . strlen($a) . " ";
?>

strtolower() 字符串轉為小寫
<?php
$str="Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str=strtolower($str);
echo $str; // Prints mary had a little lamb and she loved it so
?>

strtoupper() 字符串轉為大寫
<?php
$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str = strtoupper($str);
echo $str; // Prints MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
?>

ucfirst() 字符串首字母大寫
<?php
$foo = 'hello world!';
$foo = ucfirst($foo); // Hello world!
?>

ucwords() 字符串每個單詞首字符轉為大寫
<?php
$foo = 'hello world!';
$foo = ucwords($foo); // Hello World!
?>

htmlentities() 把字符轉為HTML實體
<?php
$str = "A 'quote' is bold";
echo htmlentities($str); // Outputs: A 'quote' is bold
?>

htmlspecialchars() 預定義字符轉html編碼
& (ampersand) --> &
" (double quote) --> "
' (single quote) --> '
< (less than) --> <
> (greater than) --> >

<?php
$new = htmlspecialchars("<a href='test'>Test</a>", ENT_QUOTES);
echo $new; // <a href='test'>Test</a>
?>

addslashes() 在指定的字符前添加反斜線轉義字符串字符
<?php
$str = "Is your name O'reilly?";
echo addslashes($str); // Outputs: Is your name O\'reilly?
?>

strcasecmp() 不區分大小寫比較字符串
<?php
$var1 = "Hello";
$var2 = "hello";
if (strcasecmp($var1, $var2) == 0) {
echo '$var1 is equal to $var2 in a case-insensitive string comparison';
}
?>

strcmp() 區分大小寫比較兩字符串
<?php
$var1 = "Hello";
$var2 = "hello";
if (strcmp($var1, $var2) == 0)
 echo "$var1 == $var2 ";
else if (strcmp($var1, $var2) >0 )
 echo "$var1 > $var2 ";
else
 echo "$var1 < $var2 ";
?>

explode() 使用一個字符串為標誌分割另一個字符串
<?php
$pizza = "piece1 piece2 piece3 piece4 piece5 piece6";
$pieces = explode(" ", $pizza);
echo $pieces[0]; // piece1
echo $pieces[1]; // piece2
?>

substr() 截取字符串
<?php
echo substr('abcdef', 1); // bcdef
echo substr('abcdef', 1, 3); // bcd
echo substr('abcdef', 0, 4); // abcd
echo substr('abcdef', 0, 8); // abcdef
echo substr('abcdef', -1, 1); // f
$string = 'abcdef';
echo $string[0]; // a
echo $string[3]; // d
echo $string[strlen($string)-1]; // f
?>

str_replace() 子字符串替換
<?php
$tag=str_replace("%body%", "black", "<body text='%body%'>"); // <body text='black'>
?>

strpos() 尋找字符串中某字符最先出現的位置
<?php
$mystring = 'abc';
$findme = 'a';
$pos = strpos($mystring, $findme);
// Note our use of ===. Simply == would not work as expected
// because the position of 'a' was the 0th (first) character.
if ($pos === false) {
 echo "The string '$findme' was not found in the string '$mystring'";
} else {
 echo "The string '$findme' was found in the string '$mystring'";
 echo " and exists at position $pos";
}
?>

strlen() 統計字符串長度
<?php
$str="this is a test";
echo "length=" . strlen($str) . " ";
$str="這是一個測試";
echo "length=" . strlen($str) . " ";
?>

sort() 排序
<?php
$fruits = array("lemon", "orange", "banana", "apple");
sort($fruits);
foreach ($fruits as $key => $val) {
echo "fruits[" . $key . "] = " . $val . "\n";
}
?>

date() 日期
<?php
$d=date("Y-m-d");
echo "today is $d";
?>

file_get_contents() 讀入整個檔案成為一個字串
<?php
$str= file_get_contents('c:\AppServ\www/example.txt');
echo $str;
?>

<?php
$fp=fopen("example.txt","r");
while ($line=fets($fp)) {
echo "$line ";
}
fclose($fp);
}

練習
1. 先將下列文章建立成文字檔

The objective of Department of Information Management is to train excellent
people with good skills both in information technology and business management.
We also request the students to acquire at least four recognized certificate
before they graduate. All of our faculty members have master degrees or above.
Their researches focus on all subjects of the newest technology of Information
Management Systems. Besides, some faculty members have practical working
experiences in MIS industries. This helps us to provide students not only
theoretical knowledge but also practical experiences.

2. 寫一PHP程式讀入所建立的檔案(file_get_contents()或fgets())
   計算有幾列
   計算有幾個字
   將每一個字的第一個字母變成大寫

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